By:- Dr. Muzaffer Rashid Shawl, Senior Consultant, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endoscopy, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, Delhi
Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas — a small but important organ in the belly that helps digest food and control blood sugar. When the pancreas becomes inflamed, digestive juices (enzymes) start attacking the pancreas itself, causing pain, swelling, and sometimes serious complications. Early recognition and treatment are essential for good outcomes.
How Common Is Acute Pancreatitis in India?
Recent research shows that acute pancreatitis is a common reason for hospital admissions in India, affecting about 7–8 out of every 100 patients admitted to surgical departments with abdominal problems. Other reports from large national data indicate that pancreatitis of all types (acute and chronic) has been increasing over the last few decades in India.
What Causes Acute Pancreatitis?
There are several causes, but the most common ones in India include:
Gallstones – stones formed in the gallbladder can block the pancreatic duct and trigger inflammation.
Alcohol use – heavy and long-term consumption is a frequent cause, particularly in adults.
Idiopathic causes – when no clear reason is found (seen in many cases).
Worm infestation – especially in some regions (e.g., ascariasis in Eastern India).
Other triggers – high blood fats, medications, infections, and injuries to the belly.
Recognizing the Symptoms
The most common first sign is sudden, severe pain in the upper belly that may spread to the back. Patients often also have nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and fever. In severe cases, there can be fast heartbeat, low blood pressure, jaundice (yellow skin/eyes), and difficulty breathing. Because these symptoms can resemble other belly problems, it’s important to seek medical care quickly.
Why Early Detection Matters
Recognizing acute pancreatitis early can make a huge difference in how well someone recovers. If detected early, treatment can:
Reduce severe complications such as infected pancreas areas or organ failure.
Shorten hospital stays and recovery time.
Lower risk of long-term damage to the pancreas, including chronic pancreatitis or diabetes.
Healthcare providers use blood tests and imaging (like ultrasound or CT scans) to confirm the diagnosis and assess severity.
How Is Acute Pancreatitis Treated?
There is no medicine that instantly cures pancreatitis. Instead, care focuses on supporting the body while the inflammation settles:
Hospitalization with close monitoring
Intravenous (IV) fluids to prevent dehydration
Pain control with appropriate medications
Early enteral feeding (food by mouth or feeding tube) once tolerated, which has been shown to help the gut heal faster
Treatment of underlying causes (like removing gallstones)
In serious cases, patients may need care in an intensive unit, antibiotics if infection occurs, or procedures to drain fluid collections.
Prevention and Healthy Habits
Preventing acute pancreatitis often means addressing its risk factors. Some helpful actions include:
Avoiding heavy alcohol use
Maintaining a healthy weight
Managing gallstones if present
Controlling blood fats and sugar levels
Regular checkups help identify risks early and prevent first or repeat episodes.
Acute pancreatitis is a treatable but serious inflammation of the pancreas. By knowing the symptoms, getting care quickly, and addressing risk factors early, patients can recover better and avoid complications. Modern research from India supports the importance of awareness, prompt diagnosis, and supportive care in improving patient outcomes.